Tuesday, 27 March 2018

Case Study 2 - Ed Sheeran

Personal Background: Ed Sheeran moved from Suffolk to London in 2008 playing small gigs in small venues. 

Musical Industry Background and Context: In 2009, he played 300 gigs, produced 6 self released EP's. He was noticed by Elton John and then signed to Asylum Records. His debut single ' The A Team' was released as a digital download in 2011 and entered the UK Singles Chart at number three, selling over 58,00 copies in the first week. His debut album '+' was released in September 2011 and became the second best selling album in the UK, selling 791,000 copies. 
He has recently changed from predominantly Indie music to more Pop music but still has hints of Indie music within it at times. 

Industry Profile: His musical status and influence is highly respected as he is one of the best selling artists of this generation and has influenced many other peoples sounds through writing music for other famous artists such as, Justin Bieber, One Direction and worked with Taylor Swift. 
His social media is massive with over 21 Million Followers on Instagram and 20 Million on Twitter. 
His most viewed music video currently has 3.3 Billion views on Youtube being the fourth video ever to reach views that high. 
He has made many songs that have featured on Soundtracks for movies such as, The fault in our stars and The Hobbit but has also starred in TV shows such as, The Simpsons and Game of Thrones. 

Genre and Conventions: Ed Sheeran is generally accepted as being from the Indie genre. This genre evolved from the style of music produced and promoted by independent record labels and so became a music genre. Early on he fit into the genre of Indie due to writing his own lyrics and having something to say as well as having very urban gritty videos which fit into the codes and conventions of the Indie genre. More recently he has moved away from that image and genre of Indie music and has gone more into Pop music which is evident through the use of his music videos and overall image which isn't the same as what it used to be when he first started out. 

Lyrical Themes and Narratives: Music Videos. 
His music videos tend to use a narrative style and often feature him only in a cameo role, although there are also videos of him playing the song in concert as a separate promotional tool. 

'LEGO HOUSE' - The actor Rupert Grint is the main protagonist. His similarity to Sheeran is central to the narrative which manipulates audiences expectations. Ironically, at the time he was more famous than Ed Sheeran. He is represented as Sheeran using visual codes, for example clothing, hair, iconography including an acoustic guitar and pieces of lego relating to the lyrics. The urban setting, iconography and muted colours reflect the Indie gene. They also serve to reinforce the characters isolation. Grint assumes the persona of Sheeran as the star, appearing on stage and waving to crowds. We see him in the act of song writing, emphasising the creativity of the Indie musician. The use of close ups of the character's face as he sings to us, a convention of the music video, establishes an intimacy with the audience. The song is a love song, but in this video the narrative presents a different kind of love, the one of a fan and a star. Towards the end, he is confronted by his idol, the only appearance of Ed Sheeran in the video. The narrative considers notions of stardom and of living in a celebrity culture and gives a new perspective on the love song that aims to challenge audience perceptions. 

'SHAPE OF YOU' - Ed Sheeran does feature quite heavily in this video alongside a female character who brings female empowerment to the video through the use of her strength in the gym and boxing. This video is a fast paced video compared to many of his others due to this song being different to his conventional music, this song is much more upbeat and fast paced. The video sees the two characters get closer and fall in love as it goes on which also fits in with the lyrics. There is a feature of the name of the album shown in the video on a wristband which could be a marketing technique. Ethnicity and gender seem to be the main themes explored in this music video, there isn't really a variety in age due to there not being that many characters in the video for that area to be largely explored. There are a lot of close ups to show expression and feelings throughout as well as a lot of establishing shots of the city they were in to show setting and some long shots to show everything thats going on in the shot for a broader view. 

'CASTLE ON THE HILL'  Establishing shots of the landscape to show where he grew up as the song is about his life when he was younger and him looking back, giving the entire music video a very nostalgic feel. There is an actor that plays a young version of Ed Sheeran to further show the intensity of nostalgia of the video. Sheeran is featured throughout the video in his car singing along to the song and walking through fields and then it will cut back to the scenes of how he was when he was younger to make it seem like he is reflecting back on his teenage years whenever he drives back to where he grew up. Both boys and girls are featured in the video and are all around the same age whilst all being white. The teenagers throughout the video are doing things like drinking and smoking which could be classed as stereotypical behaviour. There are mainly close ups of Ed Sheeran throughout the video but also with the boy who plays younger Ed Sheeran to further show them being linked together. At the end of the video there is a scene of younger Ed Sheeran sitting with his friends in a forest drinking and then quickly cuts to current Ed Sheeran with some of the same friends in the same location, this could connote that he is still the same person he was then even through his fame and success. 


Audience: Early Ed Sheerans' audience would have been younger people who found his work through the internet. His appeal to younger people was the themes and ideas behind his music and that he attempted to relate to people. His image is very accessible to discerning young people who are looking for something different, authentic and away from the mainstream. 
However, recently he has become a lot more mainstream meaning that his music appeals to a lot of different audiences despite age, ethnicity and gender. 
A literal audience response is the amount of people who have brought his music across a range of platforms as well as fan pages dedicated to him. 

Marketing Techniques: 

Image result for q magazine ed sheeran

This is a detailed, in depth interview with the artist which appeared in Q Magazine. Q audience is 15-24 years old, mainly affluent males from the ABC1 demographic. The headline for this article in Q Magazine is a direct quote and challenges the stereotype of what it means to be 'ginger'. It is an imperative and is assertive. It also remains the audience of his iconic, recognisable feature. 
The sub heading represents him as a 'honey voiced songwriting phenomenon who's breaking hearts', reinforcing his talent and his appeal. This mediates his representation and anchors the image. 
The code of clothing is again relaxed; this is part of his iconic image, as is the code of gesture. His mode of address is indirect, reinforcing the 'cool' image. 
He is positioned against a London backdrop with his guitar as further iconography. The photograph is constructed to reinforce his image and to make links to his busking days on the London streets. This is reinforced by the cover line placed in the flag 'Ed Sheeran has given up on busking to look at skirt instead'. This will appeal to the Q reader and is not necessarily in keeping with his image. 
His representation is further developed in the article: 'Polite, articulate and a little shy' and 'crucially though, he remains self conscious enough not to be entirely comfortable with the demands of modern publicity.' This reinforces his representation as a serious musician who is not a construction of the music industry and is therefore less at home with commercial success. 

Monday, 19 March 2018

Case Study 1 - Stormzy

Personal Background: Stormzy originates from Thornton Heath, London, and attended Harris Academy South Norwood. He is of Ghanaian descent. He began rapping at the age of 11.

Musical Industry Background and Context: Before focusing on his music full-time, he studied for an apprenticeship in Leamington Spa and worked in quality assurance  for two years at an oil refinery in Southampton. 
After garnering attention on the UK underground music scene via his Wicked Skengman series of freestyles over classic grime beats, Stormzy released his debut EP Dreamers Disease independently in July 2014. On 22 October 2014, Stormzy won Best Grime Act at the MOBO awards.
Record Labels: #Merky Records, Atlantic Records UK. Independent Label. 
Stormzy describes himself as "a child of grime" influenced by the likes of Wiley and Skepta, but also cites R&B singers such as Frank Ocean and Lauryn Hill as influences on his sound.

Industry Profile: Has won various awards including 3 BRIT Awards for 'British Male Solo Artist', 'British Breakthrough Act' and 'British Album of the Year' as well as two MOBO Awards for 'Best Grime Act'. 
Has a strong social media presence with over 1 Million followers on twitter and Instagram. 
He also has a strong political view in which he shares with his followers.
In May 2016, Stormzy endorsed Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn.
In September 2017, after being presented with the Solo Artist of the Year award by Corbyn at the GQ Men of the Year Awards, the conservative commentator Iain Dale placed Stormzy at Number 100 on his list of 'The 100 most influential people on the Left'.
On 21 February 2018, Stormzy performed a freestyle at the Brit Awards, calling out May for her perceived inaction in the aftermath of the Grenfell Tower fire the previous year. The following day, 10 Downing Street issued a statement defending the Prime Minister.
Stormzy has also branched into the movie industry as well as the music industry. He played a character called 'Yardz' in the 2016 British drama film 'Brotherhood', directed by Noel Clarke.

Genre and Conventions: Follows the main conventions, themes and images found in grime as most of his music is very fast paced and lyrical links in with grime perfectly. However, he has recently branched out to various genres on his recent album 'Gang Signs and Prayer' with most songs fitting into the grime genre but also a few songs being predominantly R&B and some Gospel music as well making him seem more versatile than originally perceived to be. 

Lyrical Themes and Narrative: Music videos. 
'SHUT UP' - Lyrics and body language throughout the music video could be classed as aggressive which is often linked in with the grime genre so the music video definitely connotes the genre he was aiming to go into. Throughout the entire video there is mainly black males behind him which again connotes the genre of grime as there are hardly any women in grime that are successful compared to the males. The representation of the genre throughout this video shows that it is very fast paced and often talks on personal issues the artist has experienced, could also connote that grime is aggressive and violent at times too due to language, movement, etc. Could also show that grime is very independent due to the fact that the music video doesn't have high production value as it is just him and a group of people in a park.  
'BIG FOR YOUR BOOTS' - Lyrics in this song and music video connote his perspective on people and possibly the music industry in general. Also at points shows how far he has come in his career and talks big of himself as well as putting other people in their place, 'You're never too big for the boot'. This music video represents a range of different ethnicities, ages and gender. In some shots there are only women with him in shot but not in a sexualised way, in a female empowerment way. Other shots he is with a group of males in a pub with represents a traditional view of the UK. The video is mainly set within urban areas around London but towards the end features shots of the traditional landmarks that are known around London in order to become recognisable to a global audience as well as a local audience. There are a lot of establishing shots at the beginning of the video of flats and houses around London which shows his upbringing and that he's grounded despite his success. There are also lots of close ups of people throughout the video to show the importance of the differences throughout society. The shot of him standing on a counter in a chicken shop shows that he has a jokey persona and doesn't take himself too seriously. This video has definitely shown a difference in how he wants to be shown to his audience compared to 'Shut Up' as he isn't as aggressive in this video as well as this song being slightly more pop music and having a much higher production value. 

"CIGARETTES AND CUSH' FT. KEHLANI & LILY ALLEN - This song is a lot slower and a more romantic song compared to a lot of his other work, this could show him branching out to different audiences. Production value on this video is evidently high compared to previous videos, this video is set out to be more like a short film and have a storyline to it which entices the audience. Within this video, it could be argued that the main female role in it is sexualised but not in a derogatory way. This video also touches on taboo subjects such as drugs which is quite a common theme within the genre of grime. Stormzy isn't shown as aggressive throughout this video like he has in previous videos due to the pace and lyrics of the song. The storyline to this music video is of him meeting a girl and her being a police officer with him being the main suspect in a case, making her have to decide between her job and him which ultimately she picks him. Throughout this video there are lots of close ups to show emotion and character. 
Audience: His traditional target audience would have been young males, in particular young black males but due to recent change in sound and image he has branched to many different audiences of all ages, genders, etc. Audience respond to his work fairly well, with getting lots of praise on his recent album and live appearances. In particular his performance at The BRITS 2018 when he mentioned issues such as Grenfell and Theresa May which sparked discussion within the public, praising him for speaking out of big important issues that aren't discussed as much as they should be, and even sparked discussion within politics. 

Marketing Techniques: Album Cover. 
Image result for gang signs and prayer
At first sight this album cover looks fairly simple however, there are certain small details that stand out more when looked at in detail. Stormzy is the biggest person on the cover showing that it is his album and he is the only important one as his face is the only one that can be seen. He gives direct address with the audience in order to seem more intimidating due to the genre of music he makes. His name and the title of the album aren't particularly big maybe signalling that he wants to be the main focus on the cover rather than his name. The position of the main image looks a lot like the painting of 'The Last Supper' where Stormzy is the leader, being Jesus, and his group behind him could be classed as the disciples. None of the people in the main image show their faces but it seems as though everyone is male on the cover. The overall cover is very dark and doesn't have one bit of colour in it, maybe connoting that he is a simple character. The name of the album is a direct antithesis of each other and is actively shown through the main image as the 'gang signs' aspect is shown through the use of people, clothing and body language, whereas the 'prayer' part is shown through the religious connotation of 'The Last Supper' in the image. 

Monday, 12 March 2018

Music Industry

  • First vinyl record release - 1951. 
  • The creation of MTV - August 1st 1981. 
  • Invention of the CD - 1982.
  • Invention of Sony Walkman - July 1st 1979. 
  • Invention of MP3 Player - March 1998. 
  • Youtube - February 14th 2005. Video uploads brought in on April 23rd 2005. First video uploaded - 'Me at the zoo' April 23rd 2005 by Jawed Karim. 
  • Spotify - 7th October 2008. 

Impact of Digital Technology: 

  • Convergence with other media products and technologies
  • Personalisation of content by the listener
  • Change to the culture of ownership and storage  of content
  • Links to marketing campaigns on various media platforms, including social media
  • Domination by big brands such as Apple
  • Digital piracy and loss of income for musicians

Structure: 

Sony BMG - Record Labels 

  • Arista Records. 
  • Colombia Records. 
  • Epic Records. 
Artists on Colombia Records. 
  • Beyonce 
  • Harry Styles 
  • Adele 
  • David Bowie 
Independent Record Labels: 
  • Boy Better Know - Grime. Founded in North London in 2005. Features artists such as; 
  • Skepta
  • JME 
  • Wiley 
  • XL Recordings - Various genres of music. Founded in 1989 by Richard Russell. Features artists such as; 
  • Adele 
  • Giggs 
  • Radiohead 
Regulation:


  • Prs (Performing Rights Society) pays royalties to their members when their work is broadcast on TV or Radio. 
  • Napster shut down. A federal judge in San Francisco shut down the popular music swapping Web site — saying the online company encourages “wholesale infringement” against music industry copyrights. These issues still remain within the music industry today.